Improvement in fumpino-enghnes



G. E. EMERY.

PUMPING ENGINE.

No. 84,176. Patented NOV. 17, 1868.

UNITED STATES CHARLES E. 'EME`RY O- F PATENT OFFICE.

BROOKLYN, New YORK."

IMPROVEMENT 1N Tourisme-ENGINES.

Specification forming part of Lettersv Patent No. 84,176,` dated November 17 1868.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it .known that I, .CHARLES E. EMERY, of,

Brooklyn,'Kings county, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements -in Steam-Pumps; and I'do hereby declare that the followingisa full, clear, and exact descriptionof the same, reference being` had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this speci'tication.

The Object of -this invention` is to secure a simple reliable steam pump, occupying 'but little room.

" The invention consists, substantiall y, in combining two auxiliary steam-pistons to operate the main valve of a steam-engine, and in the mechanical details of such combination to produce positive action without the aid of' cams, levers', or tappets, operated by the main piston; and the `construction is suchthat either 'of the systems used in combination may also .designated hereafter.

y In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the steam and pump cylinders and chests, the steam-ey1inder being constructed -on the simpler plan of the two, afterward shown in combination. The

section 'is drawn to show the passages clearly,`

though in practice they are not all in the same vertical'plane,as represented. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section through the steam cylinderand chest; and Fig. 3, a similar section-oi' thepn'mp-cylinder. Y Fig. 4 is avertical longitudin al section through the steam-cylinder, valves,

&c., whenconstructed` with two auxiliarypis Atons as heretofore referred to. Fig. 5 is avertical transverse section ofthe same. The other l figures will be referred to hereafter,

vThe same1 letters in all the' figures refer to the same or corresponding'parts.

A isthe main steam-cylinder; B B', the steam'- cylinder ports; C, the exhaust-port;fD,main :slide-valve; and E' the piston operating the same. F is the pump-cylinder, G G the ports ot the same, H thereceiving-pipe of pump, and

I I discharge-openings'. The steam-piston J prod, Il'. The cylinders A and F are supported by feet or a proper frame, and are connected by rods lor angle-bars at a distance sufficient, at least, to permit thepacking of the pistonthat no part ot' the rod is alternately exposed to the heat of the steam and the cold of the water. -The valve lD'is of the common or a variety, as shown. The m valve maybe used, if desired, by simply changing the direction of the parts in the operating piston.l The valve D is operated by an auxiliary piston, E, which has two piston-heads working in short cylini ders. (Seen at M and NJ' The piston E is conin fact, the two may be made together, if desired. The piston Ebears for a considerable distance at the bottom and forms a valve for its own passages. It is reduced insize in its middle, as shown in Fig.: 2, so that steam entering at a into .the steanrchest may pass down either side of-itinto the spaces b b', and' thus into either of the ports BB' according 't'o the position of the lvalve.` A passage, e,ex tends'Trom .one end of the auxiliary piston E, and terminates'at its lower part, which forms a valve-face, in two branches, e and'g, one on either side ofthe main'valve. A passage, d, from the other end of E, in a similar'manner branches into f and 'h. The two central pasl sagesf and g are for the exhaust of the auxiliary piston, and lead directly Vin to the main steamports beneath, (or through side passages into exhaust-port 0,) and the two exterior passages 'e' and-h' lead directly into the cylinder, either through studs cast in thepmain ports E B, as represented, or through the metal at the side of' the main ports. These passages e and h are so placed that the packingerngs of main piston will just pass one of them when at the lproper end of its stroke, in either direction.

When the main' valve D is in the position shown, the passages e'and f coincide with e' communicate with gand IL', and e and fare closed.

l-As representedn the drawing, the pistonand pump-piston K are connected by a pistonrod, and I prefer the distance should be such nected 'in any convenient way to valve D, and,

and/V, and g and h are closed, but when the. valve D is in its opposite position', g and h:

A H' head and follower are beveled part of theirl circumference, so that the packing-rings, -as they pass over, form a 'valve for the passages e and h.

Theoperation is as follows: As shown in the drawing, one end ofthe main cylinderuis in free communication with 'the exhaust-port C, through port B, and main valve. So, also, the end N of auxiliary piston communicates, through passages '07,f, and ff, with B, and the exhaust live steam enters the steam-chest at anyconvenient opening, 'a,-'surrounds the aux iliary piston, and, from the space b', enters the port B',- and pushes the steam-piston J to the opposite end of the cylinder, as shown, when the packing-rings pass by the opening ,'and the live steam from the cylinder 'is-ad mitted, through e', e, and 0to the end of the auxiliary piston, at M, and pushes it towardV N, lcarrying the main valve with it.

The motionl of E is positive, until the main iv valve D laps the'cylinder-l'iorts B B. By that'time the motion of E closes the two passages e and f, and the piston E, which has acquired considerable velocity, is carried .by its momentum, past its midposition, thus opening B to the steam and Bto the exhaust, and bringing g and lL into communication lWith g" and h', putting both ends M and N of the auxiliary piston in communicationfwith the same side of the main piston. The auxiliary piston therefore comes to rest as soon as the friction overcomes the momentum previously acquired.' When the steam entering B has pushed the piston by h, steam willenter through h and h' to N, and throw the valve back to the position shown, and the operation will be repeated. By making sufhcicnt clearance at M and N, so that the main valve may be thrown to open bythe port fully half the width ofv the latter, no inconvenience arises` from vthe piston E strikingl its heads, and

rubber or equivalent .cushion may easily be interposed.'v -The main piston is permitted a movement, afterit opens c or hf, of half an inch to 'an inch, according tothe weight of parts and the speed at which theyr are run. rlhis gives time for the main valve to be shifted and admit the steam, which vbrings the main piston toi rest and changes its'direction. In practice,l usually put the 'passages c andf beside each other in a transverse plane, and thereby require less length to the valve-chest than is shown." pecially to show all the passages at one view.

Y The above-described arrangement of -valve will not always work at slow speeds, when the steamchest is filled with water by condensation, or otherwise. A lever, fi, or its equivalent, is therefore arranged so that by means of an external handle, j, the auxiliary piston and main valve may be moved by hand until the steam chest and cylinder are warm,

and tolerably free of.water, when the steam Ywill operate the valve without difficulty. The 'lever i hangs in along slot on back of piston lis no objection.

The drawing is made es-v lE, and receives nomotion, exceptv when operated by hand.l

Forordinary purposes, the occasional necessity of working the lever j by hand at starting It is, in fact, far less trouble than to'pry a crank-pump olfv the center. There are instances, however, when it is couvenient lte have the pump start invariably when the steam-valve is openedas, for instance, when the pump is at the bottom of a mine and liable to be covered with water. Fig. 9 shows a simple manner of accomplishing this, and Figs. 4. and 5 represent vmore elaborate plans.

'In Fig. 9 the auxiliary piston E operates the main valve through a spring, K. Any 'kind of a spring may be used.` As represented, the 'piston E is in two parts, connected by a `rod of varying diameter, which passes loosely through twolugs, m m, on back of valve D.

Inside the lugs m. m are collars l l between -which 'is a spiralsprin g, k. Thecollars l l slide loosely on the center of rod connecting E E, and restagainst shoulders on said rod, which ordinarily are in, the plane of the inner faces vof the lugs m m. The operation then is such that if. E be moved in veithendirection oneA of the rollers l compresses the spring against the other collars, and that drives the valve by pressing one of the lugs m. VThe spring is so adjusted that it must be compressed `somewhat toovercome thefriction of the valve.

When, therefore, the valve is once in motion the.

tension ofthe spring K carries itlonvpast its mid-position, though the impulsive force from E should cease at that point.v In this arrangementthe valve D is prolonged, aswshown,

and the posts e, f, g, and h run laterally, and at the proper time put e', f", g', and h! in communication with the auxiliary cylinders M and N through passages c and d in the valve-seats,

the' operation being identical with that of the arrangement in Fig. 1.` Iii'Figs. 4., and 5 a smallauxiliary piston, 0, is operated in the same manner as E Ain 4Fig. 1, but Oonly operates a" valveLP, ofanother auxiliary piston, E, whichj moves the main valve D. As in Fig. l,the passages are all represented in the same longitudinal plane, so

as to show the operation, but', in practice,

'theyvare placed beside one another, and o ocupy much less length. The valve D and pisyton E are represented as being in. one-pirfe,

1e valve P has two faces, one sliding on the large auxiliary piston E, (or the valve D .when

though this is, of course, not essential.

it forms the valve for passages e and (1,) and the other against a stationary face, p. The piston O operates the valve P through an arm, q, which is attachedto P and enters a proper recess in O. The arm q works back and forth in a slotted hole in face p. The passages o and d, which lead the steam to and from'the ends of piston O, are placed inthe metal of fx1-ccp., and, by suitable openings, as shown,

connect, through the valve P, with e f g h in v in relation to thecylinder.

larger auxiliary piston E. The passages-,l e g h are put in communication with e j g( h',

- valve vwitliga central exhaust-cavity `conimunicating by a side passage with t'he .ex-V haust-cavity in valve D, -Gn each sid-e of the 'exhaustcavity are steam-ports r and s, which, at proper times, as hereafter explained, .com-v municate with steam-'ports' r' and s' in face p,

' which open at the side directly into the steam- 1v chest. The .common valve in middle of valve l Pf is arranged to permit the passage of the steam to and from the ends M and N ot' piston E. As shown in Fig. .4, the ports c and d are lapped bythe valve, Aso E is at rest. The main valve' Dis in -such vposition that-the main steam-'port B is open to the steam land B tothe exhaust. The pistou Jhas been `ino-ved bythe steam past passage h', so that the steamwill enter h', pass into h, upward i'nto d', and inallyxpress at N' on end of piston 0. The end'M ismeanwhile open to the ex- -haust through c', g, and g,so the piston O moves towardM' andthe valve P assumes the position shown in Fig. 6. The steam-port s then communicates 'with the steam chest "through s and with end N' of piston E through d,^while the end lVI'is exhausted through c 'into the .exhaust-cavity of P. The piston E isl therefore pressed-by the steam in the direc: tion M,- and takes 'tlieposition shown in Fig.: 7, A The main valve is then admitting steaml to the opposite end ofthe main piston. and the return stroke vis commenced. It vwill be observed that, should the piston E, by its moinentum,-move farther than is shown in Fig. 7, the ports c and (l will run under the face ot'- the` valve P', whereby steam wil1- `be vshut off one end of piston E,and compressed on the other, and the piston and main valve be brought -smoothly to rest in the same relative position respecting P as'in Fig. 4, though both P and E willbe at the other extreme of their motion As O and E receive their impulses at different instants and from different sources, there is noposition in 'which 'the pump can be stopped 4when in operation but what it will start by admitting pressure of steam 'or water without external assistance.

I prefer to make the piston O move in the direction. M morel than'` half the lthrow of E before s reaches s', and admits steam to d and- N Weresteam admitted earlier, and from any cause E moved easier than" 0, E might suddenly move the'port d under the face of valve-P, and 'stop the motion of the main -valve D; and perhaps; that of the whole machine'. y hev'aifve I maybe operated-by a tappen, as Vin other pumps, ora simple lever,

t, (shown in outline in Fig. 7,) may be operated by main piston-rod, and, oy a link, give P the opposite motion reduced,'so that t` will reac s and r r' at the proper times to change the .direction of main piston. It will be observed that were the face p entirely removed, (or in any way lsteam admitted to r and 's in all po-- sitions,) and P moved in either direction, E would tend to follow it with a, force proportioned to the pressure on the piston,and would move till it shutoff `the ports c and 4d and thus a small force operating valve P. could be multiplied into a very large one, actingthrough the same space, when the piston and valveseat were made as shown, or a greater space itl the valve-'seat and piston wereconnected .by

may evidently be combined witha moving cyl` inder, with stationary piston, to produce the same results. -I propose to use a modification of the above arrangement for operating the link-or cut-oi gear of steam-engines when the valve is moved by hand or the governor; also in other applications having similar requirements. It is necessary-only that the valve P shall move on a face which receivesmotion from the piston o r moving cylinder, and that the ports be' led in ,such direction that the valve-tace will, by the motion'ot' the piston or valve is moved. I prefer to make the valve D, Fig. 1, with little or no lap, so that the direction of the steam is changed by aslight movement on either side oi' said position. I 'n Fig-i the valve Pis shown sliding between parallel seats E and p. It would be difficult to keep that exact arrangement tight-in practice, and the drawing is' made so for the only purpose, without changing the principle, ol' showing all the principal parts in Lone view. I prefer to put the two seats of the valve P (on E and p) at right 'angles to each other, as shown in'Fig. 8. The face -on E 4is represented as horizontal and `onp as vertical.- Thearm q performs the same oiice as before, and the portsv make `a bend in P, fromfone face to the other, and accomplish the same purpose as in Fig. 4:. I .propose to operate the -main valve D,.Fig. l, by the piston E, in thev same indirect manner that O operates P. Ihejobject of interposing a valve-,seat between .the valve and its operating piston isto prevent leakage fromfthe steam-'chest to'tlie ends'Mand N of the auxiliary piston whenthey are in columnnication with the. exhaust. In Fig. 1 the two ends 'of vpiston-E are furnished with packingrings to prevent leakage. In most instances, however, it is better-to inclose the pistonvien'- tirely in a cylinder, 'separate from thesteanichest, as O is arranged in Fig. 4, and operate the valve by an armv passing through a valve'- seat, as shown -in Figs. 4,5, and 8. As the valve covers, onall sides, the slot in which q plays, no steam from the chestcan enter the auxiliary cylinder, except through the regular passages. The pianos of the'two seats must a reducing-lever. The seat p and its valve cylinder, follow-iu the'samedirccticn that the be parallel in the direction of motion, but they may incline lateraily at any angle.

The general principle involvedin operating the piston Eby steam from the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 1, is not new, but is believed to have beenanticipated by Wheelers patent in A. vl.)...l855,'and afterward by Hopkinss patent in A. D. 1.866. I consider, however, that my details of construction are an improvement upon theirs, and that, with simpler means, I obtain the same or abetter result. In both the above patents the principle has been ap` plied by using double pistons of unequal area, and the [,i'assages are designed and adapted to this method of construction. The distinctive feature of this part of my invention is, then,

Vthe arrangement and adaptation of a system of passages with an ordinary auxiliary piston, of uniform size, to accomplish the spccilied result. simple slide for a main valve.

On the pump side the invention consists chieiiy ofthe maimer in which the valveseats are secured and jointed in the valve-chamber.

For pumping salt water it is neoessaryNandfor fresh water betterthat the pump-valves and seats should be of brass, or similar material, and a's this is expensive an economical method of construetion'fis desirable. I arrange my pump-valves inside and outside a double box shaped picco, (3 Figs. 1 and 3, open at the sides, and perforated at the top :iiid1-b0tt0m for the delivery and receiving openings, covered by Valves u u lt t. The piece `Q sit-s Within a valve-chamber, it, which is 4preferably cast on the pump-cylinder. The

chamber is also open at the sides, and is of sufficient height to permit free action of the delivery-valves u u. The delivery-openings l I and airchamber are arranged on It. The sides of chamber It are made ilush with the sides of piece Q, and both are covered tightly by bonnets QJ c, secured by one bolt in the center, or, better, by one or more at each end. The piece Q on its bottom and the pump-cyl inder on the line w are faced, so that thejoint is formed there in any usual way to prevent any communication of ports G G with H, or each other, except through the yalvcs t t, and also, when desired, to prevent any water passing the ends of Q from the discharge-chamber above it. The piece Q is forced down to make the joint w by screws on its top backing against It, or by wedges .c x, as represented. 'Ihe Wedges, after being driven, can be cut off flush with the sides of Q and lt, and, if properly fitted, will themselves stop water passing to the ends of Q, from the discharge-chamber above it. In the latter case the ends of Q need not be closed. I prefer, however, to have them closed, and' make all the joints on-the line au. The piece Q may be made in two or .more parts and afterward put together, if dcsired. So also the chamber R may be bolted on the cylinder. The idea of putting all the -pump-valves together for convenience of acbelieved to have vington years ago.

With such a piston it is easy to use a cess is not new. The general, arrangement is been abandoned by forth- Hardik usesit, but makes the piece Q and chamber R in oneepiece of brass, bolted to the cylinder on a plane sur face,v all the valvesv being internal. Another maker uses 'a circular chamber corresponding to It, and -fits a rectangular piece, Q, S0 lthat it bears tightly at the ends, and through itsv ends the parts G G are made to enter. The piece corresponding to Q neither touches bottoni nor top of chamber It, circular chamber below Q being the induction, and above the delivery. the passa-ges are necessarily somewhat con traeted, to prevent which, in my'plan, Imake the piece Q with `internal and -external valves, like one lmaker, but lengthen it, to'get any'desred area or number of valves, and put it inside a separate pump-chamber, making the joint on the face of the pump, as has been shown. rIhis pecnliarity'attaches, also, when the induction and eductiou valves, for each end of the pump, are separated and placed on pieces like Q, secured at the bottom oi' valvechambers like R. y

I will further call attention that, when the valve P, Fig-4, has but little lap over the parts c and d, the piston E may run beyond the valve-faces and reverse the openings. In.

such case, when the-'face p is not used, the

steam will immediately enter and force the piston back till c and d again come under the valve-faces. 1t will be seen, infact, that, with little lap on the valve-faces, the pistou .E cannot follow any faster or any farther than P is moved. When the face p is used, extra openings can be made, if desired, beyond r and s",

to connect with fr and s, and makethe action the same, substantiall y, as above described.

.When, 'for anyr'eason, it v'is desired Ato luse in this arrangement the-m or double-chambered valve, it may be'done. without dilieultyv -if the cylinder-ports be crossed-#that is, the

port covered' .bythe left of the valve should lead to the right-hand end of the`piston, and vice versa. Ur I may say, in general, that it is necessary, for successful operation ou this plan, that the valve-face should follow in the same direction the valve, in order that the ports-may be closed when the desired movement is attained. Conversely, the face may receive the Vinitial movement, and the valve 'the motion of the' piston' or moving cylinder, whendesired, taking care only that the, secondary movement closes the ports againstthe part that has the initial movement. ter plan would complica-tc the passages some- What,but still it could easily be'arranged, especially with the doublhamber slide.

Some manufacturers take steam from the main cylinder to inovethe auxiliary piston', and utilize the pressure exerted while the steamis exhausting.y In order to accomplish this in my arrangement I make the passages corresponding to e f g h in a valve, separate the space in the In both arrangements the object being to have the main valve move past its mid-position before the ports of the show all the openings at once.

lgexhaust. The passages leading tothe ends oi' `VVtheauxiliary piston are represented .by c and jrd, and e' and h are,as before, the passages leadingto the bore of the main cylinder. The 1;"'pa'ssage c communicates at all times with 4 e in the valve, and d with 5 h. The passage c, ,'throughe, communicates in turn with e and C, and. d, through h, in turn, with -C and h.

auxiliary piston, the other end of the latter meanwhile exhausting, through d, 5, and h, 'into C', h remaining closed, so that the action iis as before described. The only difference is fat such timethat e is' not shut orf until after vauxiliary piston until after it, with D, has

. above may be found in Hopkinss patent heretofore referred to.

..-s l ide-val-ve, which is easily kept tight and in giorder. The operation of the two plan-sis subx-stantially 'the-same, the distinctive features '.evidently being in the construction.

f ings z z.

from the main '.valve, but moved vby it, by. means of a tappet having some lost motion;

auxiliary cylinder are reversed. The princi! pal features of the modifications are shown in Fig. 10, in which D is the main valve and T the valve governing the passages of the auxiliary piston. In practice D and T would be placed side by side on the` same face. .They are represented on opposite faces, .so as to The auxiliary piston-(not shown) moves D, and D, in turn, bythe projection 1, moves 'I by striking 2. and 3. C is afpassag'e leading direct to the D is shown in the same position as in Fig. l. .lf, then,- steam enters e in Fig. 10 from the cylinder, it will pass through 4, e, and c to the vthat when D moves, the projection 1 strikes 3 B is'open to the exhaust. The pressure of the exhausting steam is, therefore, kept on the passed into position. The reverse movement is identically the same. 1 An' arrangement somewhat similar to the of-the exhausting steam.v I propose putting both the induction and eduction passagesin a In some cases I putin theface ofthevalve P, near the steam ends, extra exhaust-open- (Shownv only in Fig. 7.) It will be -obseyved that if c and d move under the faces of I), thestcam on the end M will -be cushioned, andon the end N exhausted through a. i

I make z narrow,lso that .E will'move on two auxiliary pistons-therst moving the' valve of the second, and the second operating the main valve. that shown may be used .to admit the steam, or give the initial movement to the. first `pis ton, and a different valve and arrangement of passages may be used for the second piston. What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with cylinder "A, main piston J, and the equal headsM and vN of auxiliary pistcn E, of. theports e f g hf-in a valve-face operated by E and e', f', g', and hf, in the valveseat, when arranged substantially in the manner specified.

2. The arrangement of the exhaust-'passages f and g with reference to the ports B and Bf substantially as described, to accomplish the results specied. x

3.' The combination of two auxiliary pistons, theuiirstto operate the valve of the second in both directions, withouttbe assistance of tappets, and the second to operate the main valve the results specitled.V By employing two loose rings, he, in ameasure, utilizes thev pressure 5. The passages r' and s', so arranged, in combination with r and s, as to admit steam to the auxiliary piston E after thevalve l? has moved thedesired distance;

6. The extra exhaustports z z,- When ar- 1 ranged, as shown, in the face of the valve,sub

Any other"arrangementthan` 

